Which of the following enhances the effectiveness of extraction procedures?

Increased temperature enhances the effectiveness of extraction procedures by increasing the solubility of the solutes in the extracting solvent. As temperature rises, the kinetic energy of molecules also increases, which often leads to more effective interactions between the solute and solvent. This means that molecules are more likely to overcome energy barriers to dissolve, allowing for greater amounts of the desired compound to be extracted. Additionally, higher temperatures can reduce the viscosity of the solvent, further promoting the movement of solute molecules into the solvent phase.

This principle is utilized in many extraction processes, such as liquid-liquid extraction or solid-liquid extraction, where warming the solution helps to facilitate the transfer of the target analyte from the sample matrix into the extracting solvent. While stirring can also aid in extraction efficiency by promoting mixing, it is the temperature that primarily drives solubility changes and interaction dynamics in the extraction process.