What role do standards play in chromatographic analysis?

Standards are essential in chromatographic analysis as they provide a reference for comparison. In this context, a standard is a known quantity of a substance that is used to calibrate the analysis method or to quantify the concentration of analytes in unknown samples. By running standards alongside unknown samples, analysts can compare the retention times and peaks in the chromatogram. This comparison allows for accurate identification and quantification of the components in the sample based on the known properties of the standards. The use of standards ensures that any variability in the chromatographic conditions, such as variations in flow rate or temperature, can be accounted for, leading to more reliable and accurate results.