What is titration?

Titration is a laboratory technique specifically designed to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution. This method involves the gradual addition of a titrant, a solution of known concentration, to a reactant solution until a chemical reaction is complete. The endpoint of this reaction is usually indicated by a color change (using an indicator) or by monitoring a specific property of the solution, such as pH.

By knowing the volume of the titrant used and its concentration, one can apply stoichiometry to calculate the concentration of the analyte in the solution. This technique is widely used in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science, to ensure precise measurements and determine concentrations effectively.

The other choices do not correctly define titration; for instance, separation of components refers more to techniques like chromatography, while synthesizing compounds involves reactions that produce new substances, which is not the goal of titration. Mass analysis typically refers to methods that determine the concentration based on mass rather than volume and chemical reaction completion.