What is the primary purpose of calibrating an analytical instrument?

The primary purpose of calibrating an analytical instrument is to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Calibration involves comparing the instrument's output to known standards and making necessary adjustments to align its readings with those standards. This process helps to eliminate systematic errors that could lead to inaccurate results, providing confidence in the data obtained from the instrument.

In analytical chemistry, accuracy is crucial because even small errors can significantly impact the interpretation of the results, especially in quantitative analyses where precision is critical for determining concentrations of analytes. By establishing a reliable relationship between the instrument's readings and true values through calibration, analysts can trust the data generated for making informed decisions in research, quality control, and regulatory compliance.

While factors like detecting sensitivity and compliance with regulatory standards are important in their own right, they are secondary to the fundamental goal of ensuring accuracy in measurements. Calibration does not necessarily speed up analysis or directly enhance sensitivity; rather, it focuses on providing a reliable means of obtaining correct data.