What is the main purpose of buffers in chemical reactions?

Buffers play a crucial role in maintaining stable pH levels in solutions, which is essential for many chemical reactions and biological processes. A buffer typically consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. This combination allows the buffer to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acids or bases are added to the solution.

The main purpose of buffers is to keep the pH within a narrow range where specific reactions can proceed optimally. For example, biochemical pathways often require a very precise pH for enzymes to function correctly. If the pH shifts significantly, it could denature enzymes or alter the reaction dynamics, leading to failure in biological processes or unwanted side reactions.

By effectively neutralizing excess acids or bases, buffers ensure that the environment remains conducive for the desired chemical or biochemical reactions to take place, underscoring their primary role in stabilizing pH levels.