What are 'interferences' in the context of analytical measurements?

In analytical chemistry, interferences refer to substances present in a sample that can influence the accuracy and precision of measurements. These interferences may either mimic the analyte of interest, thus resulting in false readings, or they may alter the conditions under which a measurement occurs, affecting the detection method's performance. For instance, if there are impurities or other components in the sample that react with the reagents or the analytical instrument, they can lead to misinterpretation of the data.

Understanding and identifying interferences is crucial for generating reliable results and maintaining the integrity of analytical processes. Being aware of potential interferences allows chemists to take necessary precautions, such as employing selective methods or performing additional sample cleanup, to mitigate their effects and ensure more accurate outcomes. This concept is essential for anyone involved in analytical measurements, as it highlights the importance of quality control and method validation in analytical chemistry.